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            <h1 style="display: none">CentOS7初始化环境搭建</h1>
            
            
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                <h1 id="一、更新yum源"><a href="#一、更新yum源" class="headerlink" title="一、更新yum源"></a>一、更新yum源</h1><figure class="highlight gradle"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs gradle">#安装wget<br>[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install wget<br><br>#备份CentOS-Base.repo，更新失败时切换回去<br>[root@localhost ~]# mv <span class="hljs-regexp">/etc/yum</span>.repos.d<span class="hljs-regexp">/CentOS-Base.repo /</span>etc<span class="hljs-regexp">/yum.repos.d/</span>CentOS-Base.repo.backup<br> <br>#下载新的CentOS-Base.repo到<span class="hljs-regexp">/etc/yum</span>.repos.d/<br>[root@localhost ~]# wget -O <span class="hljs-regexp">/etc/yum</span>.repos.d<span class="hljs-regexp">/CentOS-Base.repo http:/</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/mirrors.aliyun.com/</span>repo/Centos-<span class="hljs-number">7</span>.repo<br> <br>#生成缓存<br>[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h1 id="二、设置静态IP"><a href="#二、设置静态IP" class="headerlink" title="二、设置静态IP"></a>二、设置静态IP</h1><h2 id="1-查看本地IP"><a href="#1-查看本地IP" class="headerlink" title="1. 查看本地IP"></a>1. 查看本地IP</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~]# ip a<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="/myimages/202011172152.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="网卡信息"></p>
<ul>
<li><p>ens33 表示第一个网卡名，以及该网卡的信息</p>
</li>
<li><p>lo 表示主机的回坏地址，般是用来测试一个网络程序</p>
<span id="more"></span></li>
</ul>
<p>打开ens33 的配置文件</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中尾部的 <code>ifcfg-ens33</code> 取决与上述网卡名称</p>
<h2 id="2-修改配置文件"><a href="#2-修改配置文件" class="headerlink" title="2. 修改配置文件"></a>2. 修改配置文件</h2><p>其中：网段的静态IP 和网关需要在 虚拟网络编辑器中配置 并关闭 DHCP 服务</p>
<p>​        <code>DNS</code> 要与主机或外部网络对应 默认的 <code>DNS1=192.168.1.1</code></p>
<p>主要配置属性：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">ONBOOT=yes	# 起用网络服务	<br>IPADDR		#网段的静态IP<br>NETMASK	 	#网段的子网掩码<br>GATEWAY		#网关<br>DNS1		#DNS1服务器地址<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>全部配置文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">TYPE=Ethernet<br>PROXY_METHOD=none<br>BROWSER_ONLY=no<br>BOOTPROTO=static    #设置为静态IP<br>NETMASK=255.255.255.0   #网段的子网掩码<br>IPADDR=10.32.77.35  #网段的静态IP<br>GATEWAY=10.32.77.1  #网关<br>DNS1=202.194.104.35 #DNS1服务器<br>DEFROUTE=yes<br>IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no<br>IPV6_INIT=yes<br>IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes<br>IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes<br>IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no<br>IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy<br>NAME=ens33<br>UUID=ae3bba41-51d9-4efd-909e-9f726590df7f<br>DEVICE=ens33<br>ONBOOT=yes  # 是否开机起用，永久生效<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="3-重启网络服务"><a href="#3-重启网络服务" class="headerlink" title="3.重启网络服务"></a>3.重启网络服务</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~]# service network restart<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>再次输入ifconfig查看ens33下的inet，即可看到配置好的静态ip</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h1 id="三、关闭系统防火墙"><a href="#三、关闭系统防火墙" class="headerlink" title="三、关闭系统防火墙"></a>三、关闭系统防火墙</h1><p>如果是买的服务器，因为有外部的防火墙，</p>
<p>如果是本地的服务器，因为在内网中也用不到防火墙，因此我一般都会关闭防火墙</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">查看防火墙状态，其属性为 Active: inactive (dead)  即为关闭状态</span><br>[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">关闭防火墙</span><br>[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h1 id="四、创建用户并授权"><a href="#四、创建用户并授权" class="headerlink" title="四、创建用户并授权"></a>四、创建用户并授权</h1><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">创建新用户</span><br>[root@localhost ~]# useradd  username<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">创建密码</span><br>[root@localhost ~]# passwd username<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">sudo命令的授权管理是在sudoers文件里的</span><br>[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /etc/sudoers		#sudoers 文件只有查看权，<br>-r--r-----. 1 root root 4328 11月 28 2019 /etc/sudoers<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">添加修改权限</span><br>[root@localhost ~]# chmod -v u+w /etc/sudoers	<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">为新用户添加sudo权限</span><br>[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sudoers<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># Allow root to run any commands anywher</span></span>  <br>root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL  <br>username  ALL=(ALL)       ALL  #这个是新增的用户<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">收回 sudoers   修改权限</span><br>[root@localhost ~]# chmod -v u-w /etc/sudoers<br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h1 id="五、调整字符集，使其支持中文"><a href="#五、调整字符集，使其支持中文" class="headerlink" title="五、调整字符集，使其支持中文"></a>五、调整字符集，使其支持中文</h1><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/locale.conf<br>LANG=&quot;zh_CN.UTF-8&quot;<br>[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/locale.conf<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h1 id="六、Linux清理内存缓存"><a href="#六、Linux清理内存缓存" class="headerlink" title="六、Linux清理内存缓存"></a>六、Linux清理内存缓存</h1><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~]# free -h<br>              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available<br>Mem:           3.7G        223M        2.7G         11M        823M        3.2G<br>Swap:          3.9G          0B        3.9G<br>[root@localhost ~]# echo 1 &gt; /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>




                
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